Emily Eide and Cyndi Smith osmosis demonstration:
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzMc13AHu3JTV2hkcF8tTzZlclE/edit?usp=docslist_api

Osmosis demonstaration

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B2Ahmn7k_Y9Vam12T3c0aWZMekk/edit?usp=docslist_api

Sam Friedman Osmosis Demonstration

Here is the link to the video:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ayQlEI3wSro

Enzyme Lab Report

Enzyme Lab Worksheet

Hypothesis:

I believe that the higher pH level of the solution is there will be a faster rate of reaction and the lower the pH level is there will be a slower rate of reaction.
Independent Variable:

pH level
Dependent Variable:
bubble reaction speed

Controlled Variables:
Hydrogen Peroxide

Justification of hypothesis:

Why did you choose this as your hypothesis?
I thought the higher the pH the faster rate of reaction because they more acidic the substance would create a faster reaction speed because like chemicals that explode or fizz when mixed normally have higher pH levels.

Materials (Your Team’s Experiment):
-5-10 grams of bindweed, vines with leaves
-20 mL of water
-mortar and pestle
-300 liter beaker
-Distilled water
-Hydrogen Peroxide
-1 paper towel(used for filtration)
-Glass test tubes
-Small plastic ruler
-Safety goggles
-HCI pH 2-3 or any acid solution with the same pH
-HCI pH 3-4 or any acid solution with the same pH
-NaOH pH 10 or any alkaline solution with the same pH
-NaOH pH 12 or any alkaline solution with the same pH

Procedure:
1)First put 10 grams of bindweed into the mortar
2)Mush up the bindweed together until there are no solids
3)Add 20 mL of water into the mortar
4)Mush it up more for about 2 minutes more
5) Place a napkin over the beaker and filter the bindweed
6)Lightly squeeze the liquid out into the beaker from the paper towel
7)Make sure no solids come out
8)Take 10mm of the bindweed solution in a syringe
9)Put it into the test tube
10)Add 5mm of hydrogen peroxide into the bindweed solution
11)Time and record the data of how much the mixture fizzes until it reaches it’s maximum
12)Redo procedures 1 through 11 but now using HCI pH 2-3, HCI pH 3-4, H2O pH 7, NaOH pH 10, and NaOH pH 12 in place of the hydrogen peroxide
Summary:

Our experiment went well but the most challenging part for my group was filtering the bindweed. Squeezing gently without making a whole or letting any pieces out was complicated. We had to redo it about three times before being able to continue. After getting through that we were able to start collecting data. It happens quickly so you have to pay attention. we would have one person call out times, while another says aloud the rate as another person wrote down the data. Abiotic factors influence the rates of enzymatic reactions by making them faster, biotic factors influence the rates of enzymatic reactions by making them slower.

Detailed Steps:
1)First put 10 grams of bindweed into the mortar
2)Using the mortar, mash up the bindweed together until there are no solids
3)Add 20 mL of water into the mortar
4)Mush it up more for about 2 minutes more until it is like mud and pasty
5) Place a napkin over the beaker and filter the bindweed
6)Lightly squeeze the liquid out into the beaker from the paper towel
7)Make sure no solids come out
8)Take 10mm of the bindweed solution in a syringe
9)Put it into the test tube
10)Add 5mm of hydrogen peroxide into the bindweed solution
11)Time and record the data of how much the mixture fizzes until it reaches it’s maximum
12)Redo procedures 1 through 11 but now using HCI pH 2-3, HCI pH 3-4, H2O pH 7, NaOH pH 10, and NaOH pH 12 in place of the hydrogen peroxide
Data and Results:







Conclusions:
In conclusion we learned that the higher the acidic level the faster reaction rate and the lower the pH level the slower the reaction rate. Our hypothesis was proven correct with our data from the graph above.

Angelina Taing Cell Analogy

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1dk4ngQmG4pueiUsZHX7H_1cmAk1yXBEaZDcq70Sjpfs/edit#slide=id.p

Peroxsidase Enzyme Lab Report

Materials

• 5 to 10 grams of freshly picked bindweed vines with leaves (about 1 handful)
• Digital balance (scale)
• Mortar and pestle
• Distilled water
• 3 100-liter glass or plastic beakers
• 1 mL or 5 mL syringe
• Hydrogen peroxide
• 1 Paper towel square (for filtration)
• Glass test tubes
• Test tube rack or holder
• Small plastic ruler
• Safety glasses

Depending on which environmental factor you choose to investigate, some of the following items will be needed for your experiment:

• Acid solutions with pH values between 2 and 6
• Alkaline solutions with a pH between 8 and 12
• pH test strips
• Ice
• Large plastic beaker (for ice bath)
• Hot water
• Large plastic beaker (for hot water bath)
• Thermometers

Procedure

This part will be determined by the students conducting the experiment. For an overview of the general scientific experimentation and research process, see the flow diagram below. Use the worksheet that follows to write out in detail the hypothesis you are seeking to test, the materials you will use, and the steps you will follow to conduct your experiment.

Enzyme Lab Worksheet

Hypothesis:

Independent Variable: The Different substances tested with the enzymes

Dependent Variable:Enzymes

Controlled Variables:Water (H20)

Justification of hypothesis:hypothesis: Because of knowing High and low ph levels that enzymes lose activity and we would like to see the reaction when you mix hydrogen peroxide with the different chemicals.

Why did you choose this as your hypothesis?

We wanted to test if ph level actually affects the enzymes.

Materials (Your Team’s Experiment):

● Beakers

● Syringe

● Test tubes

● Water

● Bineweed

● Ph 2­3 HC1

● Ph 4 HC1

● Ph 10 Na Oh

● Ph 12 Na Oh

Procedure: Using available chemicals, test the ph reaction with enzymes different solutions and hydrogen peroxide to see their reaction.

Summary:To test different ph solutions to see their reaction with enzymes with hydrogen peroxide.

Detailed Steps:

• label tubes
• measure out chemicals
• mash up bineweed
• pour water in
• squeeze out the enzymes
• pour enzymes into test tubes with chemicals
• add hydrogen peroxide
• measure reaction every 3 seconds
• gather results.

Data and Results:

(This section should include at least one graph!)

Ph 2-3 Hc1	Ph 4 Hc1	Ph 7 Water	Ph 10 Na Oh	Ph 12 Na Oh
0cm	0cm	0cm	0cm	0cm
0cm	0cm	0cm	0cm	0cm
0cm	0cm	0cm	0cm	0cm
0cm	0cm	.01 cm	0cm	.01cm
0cm	0cm	.01 cm	.01cm	.02cm
0cm	0cm	.02cm	.02cm	.03cm
0cm	0cm	.02cm	.04cm	.04cm
0cm	.01cm	.02cm	.06cm	.04cm
0cm	.01cm	.03cm	.08cm	.04cm
0cm	.01cm	.03cm	.08cm	.04cm
0cm	.01cm	.03cm	.08cm	.04cm

Conclusions:There was more bubbles when a higher ph level was included, while the lower ph level solutions did not affect the enzymes. So we can conclude that the higher ph solutions affect the enzymes in a bigger way than lower ph solutions.

Eddie Negrete Cell Analogy

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/17T3u-XWDUnnsXwbe3mFmv6SeOlyyDg200sw2Ohz2Dk8/edit#slide=id.p

Sam Friedman Cell Analogy

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1JDO6MlNQRR21sTkqWUcEacx-yHxLPFfp3p3shmdUepQ/edit?usp=sharing

Sam Friedman Peroxsidase Enzyme Lab Report

Lab Report

Materials

• about a handful of bindweed leaves
• Mortar and pestle
• Distilled water
• glass or plastic beakers
• 1 mL syringe
• Hydrogen peroxide
• 1 Paper towel square (for filtration)
• Glass test tubes
• Test tube rack or holder
• Small plastic ruler
• Safety glasses

• Sodium Hydroxide
• Hydrochloric Acid
• Hot water
• Stopwatch

Hypothesis:  My hypothesis is that the acidic solution will speed up and increase the process, thus creating more bubbles.

Independent Variable:  The pH level of the solution and the amount that we add to the bindweed solution.

Dependent Variable:  The amount of bubbles produced by the mixture once the hydrogen peroxide is added.

Controlled Variables:  Amount of the different solutions and the acidity of them that we add.

Justification of hypothesis:  The acid seemed like it would eat away at the bonds making it take less energy for them to break apart.

Why did you choose this as your hypothesis?
We chose this because it sounded like it made sense.

Procedure:

1. Mash up one handful of bindweed with 30 ml of water in a mortar and pestle
2. filter using a paper towel into a separate glass, throw away paper towel
3. tape ruler, metric side, to test tube
4. extract 1 ml of bindweed solution into test tube
5. extract .7 ml of hydrogen peroxide into same test tube
6. observe bubbles and and time the rate of formation
7. record information
8. with a new test tube repeat steps 1-4
9. add .5 ml of hydrochloric acid to the bindweed solution
10. repeat step 5-7
11. with a new test tube repeat steps 1-4
12. add .5 ml of sodium hydroxide to bindweed solution
13. repeat steps 5-7
14. write out lab report
15. clean up lab space

Summary:  When we tested all of our different solutions, we realized that the control actually created the biggest reaction and the most bubbles.

Data and Results:

:

Our Control's results:
0 seconds - 2.5 cm
10 second - 3cm
13 seconds - 4 cm
22 seconds - 5 cm
36 seconds - 6 cm

Sodium Hydroxide Results:
0 seconds - 2.7 cm
6 seconds - 3 cm
13 seconds - 3.5 cm
84 seconds 4 cm

Hydrochloric Acid Results:
0 seconds - 2.7 cm
12 seconds - 3.5 cm
90 seconds - 4 cm

Conclusions:  My hypothesis was wrong neither added variable created more bubbles.  In order to conduct a better experiment, we could have tested a larger sample size of each of the solutions.  Unfortunately, we did not have time to do this.  However, I thought that our group worked effectively and conducted a viable experiment.  Of which the results were, adding acids and bases only hampered the speed of the reaction.

  

Blog Post #6

Our plant is still getting bigger and bigger, and it is getting bigger for a reason.  Mitosis is a form of cell division in which ordinary cells divide to form two identical cells.  All living things have cells that are undergoing mitosis as we speak.  Of course, since there are more cells then it adds biomass to the organism.

Our plant is making food for itself through the process of photosynthesis.  Photosynthesis occurs inside the chloroplast and uses water and carbon dioxide, a long with the energy of the sun to make sugars such as glucose.  The plant then uses these sugars to create energy.  Without the plant creating energy, it would not be able to continue living let alone add biomass.

And, arguably most important, there is cellular respiration.  Cellular respiration is how the plant actually converts those good for nothing sugar compounds into real, usable energy.  And like I said earlier, nothing would work without energy.

If a cell needed more of the enzymes PEPC and Rubisco, it would send a signal into the nucleus of the cell.  Once received the cell would make a copy of the DNA with instructions for these enzymes, and this copy is called mRNA.  The mRNA then zooms out of the nucleus and gets attached to a ribosome.  The ribosome can read the mRNA, but it still needs something to construct them.  That is where tRNA come a long.  They bring amino acids that fit into the codons of the mRNA.  If it fits, then it is put in place and eventually the enzyme will be created.

Blog Assignment 6

Our plant is getting bigger so cells have more to divide in mitosis. So on the inside the plant is building more on to itself so its biomass is also increasing. The cells are made because photosynthesis and the cells move because of cellular respiration. The nucleus would send signals to the ribosomes to make more proteins. Enzymes are in proteins so the ribosomes would take care of that and then the rest of the organelles would do their part in sending it out and packaging it.

Blog Posts Assignment #6

Today I checked on or plant, it has grown very much and has big leaves now. The process of cells dividing chromosomes to form two new identical cells is called mitosis. Mitosis is helping our plant to grow more and more over the weeks. Through photosynthesis the cells are made and are moved because of cellular respiration. Photosynthesis also helps or plant make food for itself. It begins when CO2 is absorbed in the leaves and H2O is absorbed in the roots of our plant and with the help of the sun they make sugars, the sugars make energy. Our plant would use Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) to take CO2 and  ribulose 1 reacts with oxygen and carbon dioxide. Respiration turns the sugars into energy for my plant.